A laboratory should have a mechanism for logging and tracking samples after they are received in the laboratory so that all samples can be processed in the most efficient manner. The exact system used for sample tracking will depend on the size and nature of the laboratory and may range from hand-entry logbooks to sophisticated computer-based systems. The system should include a means of cross-referencing laboratory sample numbers with field sample numbers and it should be possible to determine the chemist, instrument, and other aspects of the sample set from the field number.

Sample tracking systems may also be used to produce management statistics which may aid in forecasting future sample loads or point to problem areas in sample turn around.